Number of armed conflict by type9/22/2023 ![]() Ceasefire Agreement between the Government of Sudan and the Justice and Equality Movement-Sudan (JEM), 10 February 2013. Since 2017, the Government of Sudan and JEM had adopted unilateral ceasefires, which have been constantly renewed. Furthermore, as violence continued to affect the region, in 2013 the Government of Sudan and the JEM signed a new ceasefire agreement in Doha. Agreement with the Sudanese Parties on the Modalities for the Establishment of the Ceasefire Commission and the Deployment of Observers in the Darfur. For instance, a Humanitarian Ceasefire Agreement was concluded in 2004 under the auspices of the African Union. Over the years, the government and the JEM have signed several ceasefire agreements. Human Security Baseline Assessment (HSBA) for Sudan and South Sudan, ‘ Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) (AKA JEM-Jibril)’, Small Arms Survey ‘ Factbox: Sudan’s rebel groups’, Reuters, 31 August, 2020. Since then, the groups has engaged in intense armed violence against the government. The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) was established in 2003, when it started fighting for national reform and regime change under Omar al-Bashir. Kordofan)’, Armed Conflict Database ‘Q&A: Sudan's Darfur Conflict’, BBC News, 23 February 2010. Since then, fighting between Sudan and a number of armed groups, in particular the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) and the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army–Abdel Wahid (SLM/A–AW), has been constant in Darfur. ![]() International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS), ‘Sudan (Darfur, Blue Nile and S. Notably, the rebel groups accused the Government of Sudan of oppressing and discriminating against non-Arab groups in the region. ![]() In Darfur, fighting broke out in 2003, when a number of non-state armed groups took up arms against the government in order to obtain greater autonomy. ![]() For further information, see ‘Non-international armed conflict – Intensity of violence’ in our Classification section. Various indicative factors are used to assess whether a given situation has met the required intensity threshold, such as the number, duration and intensity of individual confrontations the types of weapons and military equipment used the number of persons and types of forces participating in the fighting the number of casualties the extent of material destruction the number of civilians fleeing and the involvement of the United Nations Security Council. ![]()
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